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Groundwater is water present below the ground surface that saturates the pore space in the subsurface. Globally, between 25 per cent and 40 per cent of the world's drinking water is drawn from boreholes and dug wells. [1] Groundwater is also used by farmers to irrigate crops and by industries to produce
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 20 January 2025. Water located beneath the ground surface An illustration showing groundwater in aquifers (in blue) (1, 5 and 6) below the water table (4), and three different wells (7, 8 and 9) dug to reach it. Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in ...
This stored water is recovered during late summer and early autumn for irrigation needs. [citation needed] Both of these well types use a down-hole control valve. ASR can also be used to re-inject water used by HVAC systems to maintain the ground water levels and store the thermal differences from summertime cooling for winter time heating ...
Levels of surface water lessen as a result of evaporation as well as water moving into the ground becoming ground-water. Alongside being used for drinking water, surface water is also used for irrigation, wastewater treatment, livestock, industrial uses, hydropower, and recreation. [1] For USGS water-use reports, surface water is considered ...
Water balance. Groundwater recharge or deep drainage or deep percolation is a hydrologic process, where water moves downward from surface water to groundwater. Recharge is the primary method through which water enters an aquifer. This process usually occurs in the vadose zone below plant roots and is often expressed as a flux to the water table ...
Water extraction (also known as water withdrawal, water abstraction, and water intake) is the process of taking water from any source, either temporarily or permanently, for flood control or to obtain water for, for example, irrigation. [1] [2] The extracted water could also be used as drinking water after suitable treatment.
Over half of the U.S. population relies on groundwater for drinking water [1] However, residential, municipal, commercial, industrial, and agricultural activities can all contaminate groundwater. [2]: C-2 In the event of contamination, a community's drinking water supply can develop poor quality or be lost altogether. Groundwater contamination ...
This groundwater is a major source of fresh water for many regions, however can present a number of challenges such as overdrafting (extracting groundwater beyond the equilibrium yield of the aquifer), groundwater-related subsidence of land, and the salinization or pollution of the groundwater.