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This reduced sensitivity to the physical effects of alcohol consumption requires that higher quantities of alcohol be consumed in order to achieve the same effects as before tolerance was established. Alcohol tolerance may lead to (or be a sign of) alcohol dependence. [1] Heavy alcohol consumption over a period of years can lead to "reverse ...
Alcohol alters platelet response; moderate alcohol consumption can increase the amount of time bleeding by slowing down coagulation (as platelet aggregation decreases). Moreover, heavy alcohol consumption can lead to increased platelet aggregation thus increasing blood clotting and possibly leading to strokes and/or thrombosis. [13]
Alcohol dependence is a previous (DSM-IV and ICD-10) psychiatric diagnosis in which an individual is physically or psychologically dependent upon alcohol (also chemically known as ethanol). In 2013, it was reclassified as alcohol use disorder in DSM-5 , [ 1 ] which combined alcohol dependence and alcohol abuse into this diagnosis.
Binge drinking is a pattern of alcohol consumption that brings blood alcohol concentration ≥ 0.08%, usually corresponding to: ≥ 5 standard drinks on a single occasion in men [10] ≥ 4 standard drinks on a single occasion in women [10] In the DSM-IV, alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence were defined as distinct disorders from 1994 to 2013.
Vasopressin levels are reduced after the ingestion of alcohol. [53] The lower levels of vasopressin from the consumption of alcohol have been linked to ethanol acting as an antagonist to voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCCs). Studies conducted by Treistman et al. in the aplysia confirm inhibition of VGCC by ethanol.
Levels of phosphatidylethanols in blood are used as markers of previous alcohol consumption. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] An increase of alcohol intake by ~20 g ethanol/day will raise the PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration by ~0.10 μmol/L, and vice versa if the alcohol consumption has decreased.
Death from ethanol consumption is possible when blood alcohol levels reach 0.4%. A blood level of 0.5% or more is commonly fatal. The oral median lethal dose (LD 50) of ethanol in rats is 5,628 mg/kg. Directly translated to human beings, this would mean that if a person who weighs 70 kg (150 lb) drank a 500 mL (17 US fl oz) glass of pure ...
The Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is a ten-item questionnaire approved by the World Health Organization to screen patients for hazardous (risky) and harmful alcohol consumption. It was developed from a WHO multi-country collaborative study, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] the items being selected for the AUDIT being the best performing of ...