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Examples of authoritarian leadership include a police officer directing traffic, a teacher ordering a student to do their assignment, and a supervisor instructing a subordinate to clean a workstation. All of these positions require a distinct set of characteristics that give the leader the position to get things in order or to get a point across.
The authoritarian leadership style, for example, is approved in periods of crisis but fails to win the "hearts and minds" of followers in day-to-day management; the democratic leadership style is more adequate in situations that require consensus building; finally, the laissez-faire leadership style is appreciated for the degree of freedom it ...
Personal characteristics that are associated with successful leadership development include leader motivation to learn, a high achievement drive and personality traits such as openness to experience, an internal focus of control, and self-monitoring. In order to develop individual leaders, supervisors or superiors must conduct an individual ...
Reviews of research on these dimensions are described in Stogdill's Handbook of leadership: A survey of theory and research and Littrell's Explicit leader behaviour. According to the findings of these studies, leaders exhibit two types of behaviors to facilitate goal accomplishment: People-oriented (consideration) Task oriented (initiating ...
In reviewing the older leadership theories, Scouller highlighted certain limitations in relation to the development of a leader's skill and effectiveness: [3] Trait theory: As Stogdill (1948) [4] and Buchanan & Huczynski (1997) had previously pointed out, this approach has failed to develop a universally agreed list of leadership qualities and "successful leaders seem to defy classification ...
Another model that has emerged in the trait leadership literature is the Integrated Model of Leader Traits, Behaviors, and Effectiveness. [3] This model combines traits and behaviors in predicting leader effectiveness and tested the mediation effect of leader behaviors on the relationship between leader traits and effectiveness.
The transformational approach is based on the leader’s personality, traits, and ability to make change through example. Transformational leaders articulate an energizing vision and challenging goals. They are idealized because they are moral exemplars of working toward the benefit of the team, organization, and community.
Kent Halstead, Servant Leadership for Congregations; James Hunter. the Servant ISBN 0-7615-1369-8; James Hunter. The World's Most Powerful Leadership Principle ISBN 1-57856-975-3; Joseph J. Iarocci. Servant Leadership in the Workplace: A Brief Introduction ISBN 978-0-692-86126-4; Ken Jennings and John Stahl-Wert, The Serving Leader, ISBN 1 ...