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The migration of the Romani people through the Middle East and Northern Africa to Europe. The key shows the century of arrival in that area, e.g., S.XII is the 12th century. Romani people first arrived in Europe via the Balkans sometime between the 9th and 14th centuries from north India, through Iran, Armenia, and Anatolia. [33] [34] [35]
[89] [90] [91] The attendees of the first World Romani Congress in 1971 unanimously voted to reject the use of all exonyms for the Roma, including "Gypsy". [92] However, it is the group's common name amongst Romani people in the United Kingdom. [93] Romani slaves were first shipped to the Americas with Columbus in 1498. [94]
The Romani people have long been a part of the collective mythology of the West, where they were (and very often still are) depicted as outsiders, aliens, and a threat. For centuries they were enslaved in Eastern Europe and hunted in Western Europe: the PoĊajmos, Hitler's attempt at genocide, was one violent link in a chain of persecution that encompassed countries generally considered more ...
Romani people in Germany are estimated at around 170,000 [1] –300,000, [1] constituting around 0.2–0.4% of the German population. One-third of Germany's Romani belong to the Sinti group. [ 2 ] Most speak German or Sinte Romani .
The first Romani people in Colombia are thought to have come from Spain and were formerly known as Egipcios settling primarily in the Departments of Santander, Norte de Santander, Atlántico, Tolima, Antioquia, Sucre, Bogotá D.C. and in smaller numbers in the Departments of Bolívar, Nariño and Valle del Cauca.
The Romanichal, the first Romani group to arrive in North America in large numbers, moved to America from Britain around 1850. The Rom were the second subgroup of Roma to immigrate to the United States. They came from Germany and other parts of western Europe. The third was the Ludar. They came from southern European ports beginning in 1882. [35]
The Romani flag, known as O styago le romengo in the Romani language, serves as the international emblem for the Romani community. It was designed by the General Union of the Roma of Romania in 1933 and received official recognition at the inaugural World Romani Congress, which took place in London, United Kingdom, in 1971.
In German-speaking Europe, the self-designation is Sinti, in France Manush, while the groups of Spain, Wales, and Finland use Calé, Kalé and Kaale (from kalo meaning "black" in Romani language). Following the first World Romani Congress in London, usage of the Romani terms Rom (singular) and Roma (plural), have become increasingly widespread ...