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The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) [1] or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo , foveola , foveal avascular zone , fovea , parafovea , and perifovea areas.
The spot to the left of the centre is the macula. The grey, more diffuse spot in the centre is a shadow artifact. The fundus of the eye is the interior surface of the eye opposite the lens and includes the retina, optic disc, macula, fovea, and posterior pole. [1] The fundus can be examined by ophthalmoscopy [1] and/or fundus photography.
Preferential hyperacuity perimetry is a test that detects drastic changes in vision and involves the macula being stimulated with distorted patterns of dots and the patient identification of where in the visual field this occurs. [68] In wet macular degeneration, angiography can visualize the leakage of the bloodstream behind the macula.
Macular hypoplasia (or foveal hypoplasia) is a rare medical condition involving the underdevelopment of the macula, [1] a small area on the retina (the eye's internal surface) responsible for seeing in detail and sensing light. [2] Macular hypoplasia is often associated with albinism. [1]
Diagram of the human eye showing macula and fovea. Although J. D. Gass originally identified four types of idiopathic juxtafoveolar retinal telangiectasis in 1982, contemporary researchers describe three types collectively known as idiopathic juxtafoveal telangiectasia: macular telangiectasia type 1, macular telangiectasia type 2, and macular telangiectasia type 3.
The foveola is located within a region called the macula, a yellowish, cone photoreceptor filled portion of the human retina. Approximately 0.35 mm in diameter, the foveola lies in the center of the fovea and contains only cone cells and a cone-shaped zone of Müller cells. [1]
The macula corresponds to the central 17 degrees diameter of the visual field; the fovea to the central 5.2 degrees, and the foveola to 1–1.2 degrees diameter. [10] [11] [12] Note that in the clinical literature the fovea can refer to the central 1–1.2 deg, i.e. what is otherwise known as the foveola, and can be referred to as the "clinical ...
A cherry-red spot is a finding in the macula of the eye in a variety of lipid storage disorders and in central retinal artery occlusion. [1] It describes the appearance of a small circular choroid shape as seen through the fovea centralis.