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ATC code C08 Calcium channel blockers is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup C08 is part of the anatomical group C Cardiovascular system ...
Calcium channel blockers (CCB), calcium channel antagonists or calcium antagonists [2] are a group of medications that disrupt the movement of calcium (Ca 2+) through calcium channels. [3] Calcium channel blockers are used as antihypertensive drugs, i.e., as medications to decrease blood pressure in patients with hypertension.
There are several different major classes of channel blockers, including: Calcium (Ca 2+) channel blockers; Chloride (Cl −) channel blockers; Potassium (K +) channel blockers; Sodium (Na +) channel blockers; The following types which act on ligand-gated ion channels (LGICs) via binding to their pore also exist: 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists
When total bilirubin levels exceed 40 μmol/L, bilirubin deposition at the sclera, skin, and mucous membranes will give these areas a yellow colour, thus it is called jaundice. [6] The increase in predominantly unconjugated bilirubin is due to overproduction, reduced hepatic uptake of the unconjugated bilirubin and reduced conjugation of bilirubin.
Note that an ion channel may overlap between different categories. Some channels conduct multiple ion currents and some are gated by multiple mechanisms. Examples of targets for modulators include: Voltage-gated ion channels. Calcium channel: see also Calcium channel blocker, Calcium channel opener
Antihypertensive agents comprise multiple classes of compounds that are intended to manage hypertension (high blood pressure). Antihypertensive therapy aims to maintain a blood pressure goal of <140/90 mmHg in all patients, as well as to prevent the progression or recurrence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in hypertensive patients with established CVD. [2]
An L-type calcium channel with its subunits labeled along with some drugs known to inhibit the channel. The L-type calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium channel. [2] "L" stands for long-lasting referring to the length of activation.
P-type calcium channel ("Purkinje") /Q-type calcium channel: HVA (high voltage activated) Ca v 2.1 : α 2 δ, β, possibly γ: Purkinje neurons in the cerebellum / Cerebellar granule cells: N-type calcium channel ("Neural"/"Non-L") HVA (high voltage activated) Ca v 2.2 : α 2 δ/β 1, β 3, β 4, possibly γ: Throughout the brain and peripheral ...