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Thus, the fifth sentence renders "up" as the head word of an adverbial prepositional phrase that modifies, the verb, held. The first four sentences remain phrasal verbs. The Oxford English Grammar (ISBN 0-19-861250-8) distinguishes seven types of phrasal verbs in English: intransitive phrasal verbs (e.g. give in)
In an exocentric compound, the word class is determined lexically, disregarding the class of the constituents. For example, a must-have is not a verb but a noun. The meaning of this type of compound can be glossed as "(one) whose B is A", where B is the second element of the compound and A the first.
A sentence consisting of at least one dependent clause and at least two independent clauses may be called a complex-compound sentence or compound-complex sentence. Sentence 1 is an example of a simple sentence. Sentence 2 is compound because "so" is considered a coordinating conjunction in English, and sentence 3 is complex.
In linguistics and grammar, a sentence is a linguistic expression, such as the English example "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog."In traditional grammar, it is typically defined as a string of words that expresses a complete thought, or as a unit consisting of a subject and predicate.
Words in one class can sometimes be derived from those in another. This has the potential to give rise to new words. For example, the noun aerobics has given rise to the adjective aerobicized. [3] Words combine to form phrases. A phrase typically serves the same function as a word from some particular word class. [3]
Traditional grammar includes words like because, while, and unless in the class of subordinating conjunctions. But since at least Jespersen (see § History of the concept in English ) most modern grammarians distinguish these two categories based on whether they add meaning to the sentence or are purely functional.
The classic instance of an exocentric construction is the sentence (in a phrase structure grammar). [5] The traditional binary division [6] of the sentence (S) into a subject noun phrase (NP) and a predicate verb phrase (VP) was exocentric: Hannibal destroyed Rome. - Sentence (S) Since the whole is unlike either of its parts, it is exocentric.
The word grammar is derived from Greek γραμματικὴ τέχνη (grammatikḕ téchnē), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα (grámma), "letter", itself from γράφειν (gráphein), "to draw, to write". [3] The same Greek root also appears in the words graphics, grapheme, and photograph.