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Since the 2010s, oxybutynin has increasingly been used to treat hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating). [15] [16] Numerous studies have identified concrete benefits of the drug in treating this condition, but have not identified appropriate dosing or the full spectrum of possible side effects, although dry mouth is seemingly infrequent in patients with hyperhidrosis.
Hyperhidrosis is a medical condition in which a person exhibits excessive sweating, [1] [2] more than is required for the regulation of body temperature. [3] Although it is primarily a physical burden, hyperhidrosis can deteriorate the quality of life of the people who are affected from a psychological, emotional, and social perspective. [4]
For palmoplantar hyperhidrosis, 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in absolute anhydrous ethyl alcohol () is the most effective topical treatment. [4] Other topical treatments such as potassium permanganate, tannic acid (2 to 5 percent solutions), resorcinol, boric acid, formaldehyde, methenamine, and glutaraldehyde have yielded less than desirable results.
Focal hyperhidrosis, also known as primary hyperhidrosis, is a disease characterized by an excessive sweating localized in certain body regions (particularly palms, feet and underarms). Studies suggest that this condition, affecting between 1% and 3% of the US population, seems to have a genetic predisposition in about two thirds of those affected.
Compensatory hyperhidrosis is a form of neuropathy. It is encountered in patients with myelopathy , thoracic disease, cerebrovascular disease , nerve trauma or after surgeries. The exact mechanism of the phenomenon is poorly understood.
Glycopyrronium bromide affects the gastrointestinal tracts, liver and kidney but has a very limited effect on the brain and the central nervous system.In horse studies, after a single intravenous infusion, the observed tendencies of glycopyrronium followed a tri-exponential equation, by rapid disappearance from the blood followed by a prolonged terminal phase.
Compensatory hyperhidrosis (or reflex hyperhidrosis) is common over the long term. [25] The rates of severe compensatory sweating vary widely between studies, ranging from as high as 92% of patients. [26] Of those patients that develop this side effect, about a quarter in one study said it was a major and disabling problem.
The formula for determining the dose is: [1] If there is a single recommended maintenance dose in the literature, this is preferred. If there are a range of recommended maintenance doses then If the literature recommends generally increasing from initial to maximum dose provided it is tolerated, pick the maximum dose.