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Midazolam, sold under the brand name Versed among others, is a benzodiazepine medication used for anesthesia, premedication before surgical anesthesia, and procedural sedation, and to treat severe agitation. [12] It induces sleepiness, decreases anxiety, and causes anterograde amnesia. [12]
Additionally, IV sedation is frequently administered as a concoction of several agents including those previously mentioned for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as a benzodiazepine (usually midazolam, but temazepam or flunitrazepam are also used via the oral route [4]) and a narcotic/systemic analgesic such as demerol or fentanyl.
It provides no analgesia, so it was commonly used with fentanyl for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. Midazolam collects in the body's fatty tissues, so a possible complication includes prolonged sedation. As a result, the elderly, the obese, and those with kidney or liver disease are more vulnerable to prolonged sedation with ...
Sedation scales are used in medical situations in conjunction with a medical history in assessing the applicable degree of sedation in patients in order to avoid under-sedation (the patient risks experiencing pain or distress) and over-sedation (the patient risks side effects such as suppression of breathing, which might lead to death).
Fentanyl is a highly potent synthetic piperidine opioid primarily used as an analgesic.It is 30 to 50 times more potent than heroin and 100 times more potent than morphine; [11] its primary clinical utility is in pain management for cancer patients and those recovering from painful surgeries.
A sedative or tranquilliser [note 1] is a substance that induces sedation by reducing irritability [1] or excitement. [2] They are CNS depressants and interact with brain activity causing its deceleration. Various kinds of sedatives can be distinguished, but the majority of them affect the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). In ...
Fentanyl for systemic analgesia during intubation; Propofol for sedation for intubation; Switching from oxygen to a mixture of oxygen and inhalational anesthetic once intubation is complete; Laryngoscopy and intubation are both very stimulating. The process of induction blunts the response to these manoeuvres while simultaneously inducing a ...
For this reason, they are often used in parallel with other general anesthetics to help maintain a state of general anesthesia. Such drugs include morphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, and remifentanil. [2] [4] Administration of the alpha2 adrenergic receptor agonist dexmedetomidine leads to sedation that resembles non-REM sleep. It is used in ...