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The lunar south pole is located on the center of the polar Antarctic Circle (80°S to 90°S). [2] [4] (The axis spin is 88.5 degrees from the plane of the ecliptic.) The lunar south pole has shifted 5.5 degrees from its original position billions of years ago. [5]
Layout of the 30 lunar quadrangles at the 1:2,500,000 map scale Layout of the 144 Lunar quadrangles at the 1:1,000,000 map scale. The Moon has been divided into 30 quadrangles by the United States Geological Survey at the 1:2,500,000 map scale. [1] At the 1:1,000,000 scale it's divided into 144 quadrangles. [2]
Sverdrup Crater as imaged by Diviner.. Sverdrup is a lunar impact crater that is located about one crater diameter from the southern pole of the Moon.It lies on the far side of the Moon with respect to the Earth, in an area of the surface that is only illuminated by very oblique light from the Sun.
Shackleton is an impact crater that lies at the lunar south pole. The peaks along the crater's rim are exposed to almost continual sunlight, while the interior is perpetually in shadow. The low-temperature interior of this crater functions as a cold trap that may capture and freeze volatiles shed during comet impacts on the Moon.
For example, there are two peaks near Shackleton Crater that are illuminated a combined ~94% of a lunar year. [19] Permanently shadowed regions have a stable surface temperature. On the Moon, the temperature hovers somewhere at or below 50 K (−223.2 °C; −369.7 °F). [20]
The longitude gives the position east or west of the Moon's prime meridian, which is the line passing from the lunar north pole through the point on the lunar surface directly facing Earth to the lunar south pole. (See also Earth's prime meridian.) This can be thought of as the midpoint of the visible Moon as seen from the Earth.
Lunar Orbiter 4 image (1967). Amundsen is a large lunar impact crater located near the south pole of the Moon, named after the Norwegian explorer Roald Amundsen.It lies along the southern lunar limb, and so is viewed from the side by an observer on the Earth.
Malapert is a lunar impact crater that lies near the south pole of the Moon, named for 17th century astronomer Charles Malapert. [2] From the Earth this formation is viewed from the side, limiting the amount of detail that can be seen. The crater is also illuminated at very low angles, so that parts of the interior remain in almost constant ...