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This glossary of chemistry terms is a list of terms and definitions relevant to chemistry, including chemical laws, diagrams and formulae, laboratory tools, glassware, and equipment. Chemistry is a physical science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter , as well as the changes it undergoes during chemical reactions ...
"the incorporation of a substance in one state into another of a different state" [1] (e.g., liquids being absorbed by a solid or gases being absorbed by a liquid); Adsorption The physical adherence or bonding of ions and molecules onto the surface of another phase (e.g., reagents adsorbed to a solid catalyst surface); Ion exchange
In organic chemistry, a hydrate is a compound formed by the hydration, i.e. "Addition of water or of the elements of water (i.e. H and OH) to a molecular entity". [5] For example: ethanol , CH 3 −CH 2 −OH , is the product of the hydration reaction of ethene , CH 2 =CH 2 , formed by the addition of H to one C and OH to the other C, and so ...
Water is often incorporated in the formation of crystals from aqueous solutions. [1] In some contexts, water of crystallization is the total mass of water in a substance at a given temperature and is mostly present in a definite ( stoichiometric ) ratio.
In some cases, only small amounts of a comonomer are employed, in other cases substantial amounts of comonomers are used. Furthermore, in some cases, the comonomers are statistically incorporated within the polymer chain, whereas in other cases, they aggregate. The distribution of comonomers is referred to as the "blockiness" of a copolymer.
Aquation is the chemical reaction involving "incorporation of one or more integral molecules of water" with or without displacement of other atoms or groups. [1] The term is typically employed to refer to reactions of metal complexes where an anion is displaced by water.
Heme l is one important characteristic of animal peroxidases; plant peroxidases incorporate heme B. Lactoperoxidase and eosinophil peroxidase are protective enzymes responsible for the destruction of invading bacteria and virus. Thyroid peroxidase is the enzyme catalyzing the biosynthesis of the important thyroid hormones.
A good example from solid-state chemistry is the adducts of ethylene or carbon monoxide of CuAlCl 4. The latter is a solid with an extended lattice structure. Upon formation of the adduct, a new extended phase is formed in which the gas molecules are incorporated (inserted) as ligands of the copper atoms within the