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Chemotherapy is broken down into 2 phases: Induction therapy: first short and invasive phase of treatment with the goal to clear the blood of blasts and reduce the number of blasts in the bone marrow back to normal. [12] Consolidation therapy: second phase given in cycles that occur after the patient has recovered from induction therapy.
Acute monocytic leukemia (AMoL, or AML-M5) [2] is a type of acute myeloid leukemia.In AML-M5 >80% of the leukemic cells are of monocytic lineage. [3] This cancer is characterized by a dominance of monocytes in the bone marrow.
Hydroxyurea is a chemotherapy that is used in the myeloproliferative form of CMML to reduce cell numbers. [ 4 ] [ 10 ] [ 12 ] Decitabine/cedazuridine (Inqovi) is a fixed-dosed combination medication for the treatment of adults with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) that was approved for use in the United ...
Monocytopenia is a form of leukopenia associated with a deficiency of monocytes. It has been proposed as a measure during chemotherapy to predict neutropenia , [ 1 ] though some research indicates that it is less effective than lymphopenia .
In hematology, plasma cell dyscrasias (also termed plasma cell disorders and plasma cell proliferative diseases) are a spectrum of progressively more severe monoclonal gammopathies in which a clone or multiple clones of pre-malignant or malignant plasma cells (sometimes in association with lymphoplasmacytoid cells or B lymphocytes) over-produce and secrete into the blood stream a myeloma ...
Said et al. showed that activated monocytes express high levels of PD-1 which might explain the higher expression of PD-1 in CD14 + CD16 ++ monocytes as compared to CD14 ++ CD16 − monocytes. Triggering monocytes-expressed PD-1 by its ligand PD-L1 induces IL-10 production, which activates CD4 Th2 cells and inhibits CD4 Th1 cell function. [23]
The image on the left shows a monocyte actively phagocytizing an antibody-sensitized red blood cell. The image on the right shows multiple RBC that have been phagocytized by a single monocyte. The monocyte monolayer assay (MMA) is used to determine the clinical significance of alloantibodies produced by blood transfusion recipients. [1]
Trifluridine/tipiracil (FTD–TPI), sold under the brand name Lonsurf, is a fixed-dose combination medication that is used as a third- or fourth-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer or gastric cancer, after chemotherapy and targeted therapeutics have failed.