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Financial modeling is the task of building an abstract representation (a model) of a real world financial situation. [1] This is a mathematical model designed to represent (a simplified version of) the performance of a financial asset or portfolio of a business, project , or any other investment.
Inventory planning involves using forecasting techniques to estimate the inventory required to meet consumer demand. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The process uses data from customer demand patterns, market trends , supply patterns, and historical sales to generate a demand plan that predicts product needs over a specified period.
Forecasting is the process of making predictions based on past and present data. Later these can be compared with what actually happens. For example, a company might estimate their revenue in the next year, then compare it against the actual results creating a variance actual analysis.
In general, this literature shows that analysts do not produce better forecasts than simple forecasting models. [3] [4] (Additional to the above outline, for financial forecasts, analysts often also use specific financial historical information, such as the 52-week high of stock prices, to augment their analysis of stock prices. [5])
The general structure of any financial model is standard: (i) input (ii) calculation algorithm (iii) output; see Financial forecast.While the output for a project finance model is more or less uniform, and the calculation is predetermined by accounting rules, the input is highly project-specific.
Note that whereas equity options are more commonly valued using other pricing models such as lattice based models, for path dependent exotic derivatives – such as Asian options – simulation is the valuation method most commonly employed; see Monte Carlo methods for option pricing for discussion as to further – and more complex – option ...