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Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a group of abnormal cells. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] While they are a form of neoplasm , [ 3 ] there is disagreement over whether CIS should be classified as cancer . This controversy also depends on the exact CIS in question (e.g., cervical, skin, breast).
The prognosis of the most common form of invasive carcinoma NST is intermediate. Regardless of the histological subtype, the prognosis of IDC depends also on tumor size, presence of cancer in the lymph nodes, histological grade, presence of cancer in small vessels (vascular invasion), expression of hormone receptors and of oncogenes like HER2/neu.
There are several reasons why PIN is the most likely prostate cancer precursor. [3] PIN is more common in men with prostate cancer. High grade PIN can be found in 85 to 100% of radical prostatectomy specimens, [4] nearby or even in connection with prostate cancer. It tends to occur in the peripheral zone of the prostate.
By the degree of invasion, a cancer can be classified as in situ when malignant cells are present as a tumor but have not metastasized, or invaded beyond the layer or tissue type where it arose. For example, a cancer of epithelial origin with such features is called carcinoma in situ, and is defined as not having invaded beyond the basement ...
In situ [a] is a Latin phrase meaning "in place" or "on site", derived from in ('in') and situ (ablative of situs, lit. ' place ' ). [ 3 ] The term refers to the examination of phenomena or objects within their original place or context.
A drawing of ductal carcinoma in situ in the anatomical context of the whole breast A drawing of a breast duct containing ductal carcinoma in situ. Most of the women who develop DCIS do not experience any symptoms. The majority of cases (80-85%) are detected through screening mammography. The first signs and symptoms may appear if the cancer ...
Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) of the lung —previously included in the category of "bronchioloalveolar carcinoma" (BAC)—is a subtype of lung adenocarcinoma. It tends to arise in the distal bronchioles or alveoli and is defined by a non-invasive growth pattern.
Lobular carcinoma in situ is both a risk factor and precursor of invasive carcinoma. Furthermore, it is a non-obligate precursor. In other words, LCIS represents a distinct entity in the developmental pathway of cancer that does not guarantee invasive carcinoma.