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The infraorbital nerve is a branch of the maxillary nerve (itself a branch of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)). [1] It arises in the pterygopalatine fossa . It passes through the inferior orbital fissure to enter the orbit. [ 2 ]
Multiple studies have demonstrated that incomplete reversal of NMBDs is an important risk factor for postoperative morbidity and mortality. Multiple studies have shown that postoperative residual curarization in the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is a common complication, with 40% of patients exhibiting signs of residual paralysis.
Inferior alveolar nerve block (abbreviated to IANB, and also termed inferior alveolar nerve anesthesia or inferior dental block) is a nerve block technique which induces anesthesia (numbness) in the areas of the mouth and face innervated by one of the inferior alveolar nerves which are paired on the left and right side.
During dental procedures, a local nerve block may be applied. Anaesthetic injected near the mandibular foramen to block the inferior alveolar nerve and the nearby lingual nerve (supplying the tongue). This causes loss of sensation on the same side as the block to: the teeth (inferior alveolar nerve block) the lower lip and chin (mental nerve block)
Nerve block or regional nerve blockade is any deliberate interruption of signals traveling along a nerve, often for the purpose of pain relief. Local anesthetic nerve block (sometimes referred to as simply "nerve block") is a short-term block, usually lasting hours or days, involving the injection of an anesthetic, a corticosteroid, and other agents onto or near a nerve.
In most cases, there is loss of sensation in the cheek and upper lip due to infraorbital nerve injury. Facial bruising, periorbital ecchymosis, soft tissue gas, swelling, trismus , altered mastication , diplopia , and ophthalmoplegia are other indirect features of the injury. [ 1 ]
The clinically important structures surrounding the orbit include the optic nerve at the apex of the orbit as well as the superior orbital fissure which contains cranial nerves 3, 4, and 6 therefore controlling ocular muscles of eye movement. [15] Inferior to the orbit is the infraorbital nerve which is purely sensory.
The nerves arise from the trunk of [citation needed] the maxillary nerve (CN V 2) within the pterygopalatine fossa [1]: 496 just before it enters the infraorbital groove. [citation needed] The nerve arises as a single trunk which split into 2-3 nerves within the pterygopalatine fossa. [1]: 496