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Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
Tamsulosin, sold under the brand names including Flomax and Contiflo, is a medication used to treat symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and chronic prostatitis and to help with the passage of kidney stones. [6] [7] [8] The evidence for benefit with a kidney stone is better when the stone is larger. [8] Tamsulosin is taken by mouth. [6]
Illustration showing the hepatic portal vein system. The first pass effect (also known as first-pass metabolism or presystemic metabolism) is a phenomenon of drug metabolism at a specific location in the body which leads to a reduction in the concentration of the active drug before it reaches the site of action or systemic circulation.
Cytochrome P450 3A4 (abbreviated CYP3A4) (EC 1.14.13.97) is an important enzyme in the body, mainly found in the liver and in the intestine, which in humans is encoded by CYP3A4 gene. It oxidizes small foreign organic molecules ( xenobiotics ), such as toxins or drugs, so that they can be removed from the body.
Jalyn was the result of the CombAT (Combination of Avodart and Tamsulosin) trial of 2008. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on June 14, 2010. [4] In June 2011, the FDA approved a label change to warn of "Increased Risk of High-grade Prostate Cancer" from Jalyn. [5]
This is also the case for Tamsulosin and it may be assumed that the others alpha-1 blockers work in a similar manner, since Tamsulosin is an alpha-1-a blocker and Prazosin is an alpha-1 blocker. [30] The risk for floppy iris syndrome during cataract surgery is elevated when the patient is using an alpha-1 blocker.
The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment resulting from cancer screening can lead to a decline in quality of life, due to the adverse effects of unnecessary medication and hospitalization. [10] [12] [13] The accuracy of a cancer screening test relies on its sensitivity, and low sensitivity screening tests can overlook cancers. [10]
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC [1]) is the most common type of primary liver cancer in adults and is currently the most common cause of death in people with cirrhosis. [2] HCC is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.
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