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Lactase persistence or lactose tolerance is the continued activity of the lactase enzyme in adulthood, allowing the digestion of lactose in milk. In most mammals , the activity of the enzyme is dramatically reduced after weaning . [ 1 ]
Lactase (EC 3.2.1.108) is an enzyme produced by many organisms and is essential to the complete digestion of whole milk. It breaks down the sugar lactose into its component parts, galactose and glucose .
[23] [24] In areas with lactase persistence, it is believed that by domesticating animals, a source of milk became available while an adult and thus strong selection for lactase persistence could occur; [21] [25] in a Scandinavian population, the estimated selection coefficient was 0.09-0.19. [25]
Alpha-lactalbumin, which is expressed in response to prolactin, increases the affinity of N-acetyllactosamine synthase for its substrate, causing increased production of lactose during lactation. The interaction that facilitates lactose biosynthesis consists of a-lactalbumin (the regulatory unit) binding reversibly to the glycosyltransferase.
Lactose, or milk sugar, is a disaccharide composed of galactose and glucose and has the molecular formula C 12 H 22 O 11.Lactose makes up around 2–8% of milk (by mass). The name comes from lact (gen. lactis), the Latin word for milk, plus the suffix -ose used to name sugars.
The MCM complex consisting of MCM6 (this protein) and MCM2, 4 and 7 possesses DNA helicase activity, and may act as a DNA unwinding enzyme.The hexameric protein complex formed by the MCM proteins is a key component of the pre-replication complex (pre-RC) and may be involved in the formation of replication forks and in the recruitment of other DNA replication related proteins.
Milk products and production relationships. Dairy products or milk products, also known as lacticinia, are food products made from (or containing) milk. [1] The most common dairy animals are cow, water buffalo, nanny goat, and ewe.
This mutation provides some protection against drought and enables people to drink milk without diarrhea, which causes dehydration. [16] Lactase persistence is a rare ability among mammals. [74] Because it involves a single gene, it is a simple example of convergent evolution in humans.