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Polymetallic nodules, also called manganese nodules, are mineral concretions on the sea bottom formed of concentric layers of iron and manganese hydroxides around a core. As nodules can be found in vast quantities, and contain valuable metals, deposits have been identified as a potential economic interest. [ 1 ]
Nodule is also used for widely scattered concretionary lumps of manganese, cobalt, iron, and nickel found on the floors of the world's oceans. This is especially true of manganese nodules. Manganese and phosphorite nodules form on the seafloor and are syndepositional in origin. Thus, technically speaking, they are concretions instead of nodules ...
Hübnerite or hubnerite is a mineral consisting of manganese tungsten oxide (chemical formula MnWO 4). It is the manganese endmember of the manganese–iron wolframite solid solution series. It forms reddish brown to black monoclinic prismatic submetallic crystals. The crystals are typically flattened and occur with fine striations.
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Wolframite is an iron, manganese, and tungstate mineral with a chemical formula of (Fe,Mn)WO 4 that is the intermediate mineral between ferberite (Fe 2+ rich) and hübnerite (Mn 2+ rich). [4] Along with scheelite , the wolframite series are the most important tungsten ore minerals.
There is an important distinction to draw between concretions and nodules. Concretions are formed from mineral precipitation around some kind of nucleus while a nodule is a replacement body. Descriptions dating from the 18th century attest to the fact that concretions have long been regarded as geological curiosities.
Nodule may refer to: Nodule (geology), a small rock or mineral cluster; Manganese nodule, a metallic concretion found on the seafloor; Nodule (medicine), a small aggregation of cells; Root nodule, a growth on the roots of legumes; A feature of mollusc sculpture; Nodule of vermis, an external feature of the cerebellum
Buserite is a hydrated layered manganese-oxide mineral with nominal chemical formula MnO 2 ·nH 2 O. It was named after Swiss chemist professor Wilhelm Buser (1917-1959), who first identified it in 1952 in deep-sea manganese nodules. Buser named it 10 Å manganate because the periodicity in the layer stacking direction was 10 Å.