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In a pilot drug testing program in Florida in 1999-2000, 5.1% returned a positive urinalysis. [24] A 2015 study by ThinkProgress found that out of seven states reporting data on welfare drug testing, only one had a usage rate above 1%. [15]
In 1977, the Pretrial Services Resource Center was established to provide training and technical assistance to pretrial services agencies. The Articles of Incorporation stated that the resource center was founded "…to promote research and development, exchange of ideas and issues, and professional competence in the field of pretrial services…"
The Court Services and Offender Supervision Agency (CSOSA) was established under the National Capital Revitalization and Self-Government Improvement Act of 1997 to oversee probationers and parolees, and provide pretrial services in Washington, D.C.
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In the United States, a pretrial services report is a document used by a judicial officer, typically a magistrate, in making decisions, e.g., about bail. In 2016, federal officers prepared 88,248 pretrial services reports, 97 percent of which were pre-bail reports. [ 1 ]
This model of court system quickly became a popular method for dealing with an ever-increasing number of drug offenders. Between 1984 and 1999, the number of defendants charged with a drug offense in the federal courts increased 3% annually, from 11,854 to 29,306. By 1999 there were 472 drug courts in the United States.
The Bureau of Justice Statistics has released a study which finds that, despite the total number of prisoners incarcerated for drug-related offenses increasing by 57,000 between 1997 and 2004, the proportion of drug offenders to total prisoners in State prison populations stayed steady at 21%.
Officers are eligible for a 20-year retirement and must be appointed prior to their 37th birthday because the mandatory separation age is 57. Almost all districts require prior experience in a similar field, a background suitability investigation, drug test, and medical examination as a pre-requisite for hiring.