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Simple electron capture by itself results in a neutral atom, since the loss of the electron in the electron shell is balanced by a loss of positive nuclear charge. However, a positive atomic ion may result from further Auger electron emission. Electron capture is an example of weak interaction, one of the four fundamental forces.
An example of electron capture is one of the decay modes of krypton-81 into bromine-81: 81 36 Kr + e − → 81 35 Br + ν e. All emitted neutrinos are of the same energy. In proton-rich nuclei where the energy difference between the initial and final states is less than 2 m e c 2, β + decay is not energetically possible, and electron capture ...
Internal conversion is an atomic decay process where an excited nucleus interacts electromagnetically with one of the orbital electrons of an atom. This causes the electron to be emitted (ejected) from the atom. [1] [2] Thus, in internal conversion (often abbreviated IC), a high-energy electron is emitted from the excited atom, but not from the ...
The radioactive decay modes of electron capture and internal conversion are known to be slightly sensitive to chemical and environmental effects that change the electronic structure of the atom, which in turn affects the presence of 1s and 2s electrons that participate in the decay process.
boson, which then decays into an electron and an electron antineutrino. [10] (p28) Another example is electron capture – a common variant of radioactive decay – wherein a proton and an electron within an atom interact and are changed to a neutron (an up quark is changed to a down quark), and an electron neutrino is emitted.
In about 10.72% of events, it decays to argon-40 (40 Ar) by electron capture (EC), with the emission of a neutrino and then a 1.460 MeV photon. [ Note 1 ] The decay of 40 K explains the large abundance of argon (nearly 1%) in the Earth's atmosphere , as well as prevalence of 40 Ar over other isotopes .
For example, tellurium-123 was reported to be radioactive, but the same experimental group later retracted this report, ... electron capture: β + β + decay:
Proton emission (also known as proton radioactivity) is a rare type of radioactive decay in which a proton is ejected from a nucleus.Proton emission can occur from high-lying excited states in a nucleus following a beta decay, in which case the process is known as beta-delayed proton emission, or can occur from the ground state (or a low-lying isomer) of very proton-rich nuclei, in which case ...