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In mathematics, the logarithm to base b is the inverse function of exponentiation with base b. That means that the logarithm of a number x to the base b is the exponent to which b must be raised to produce x. For example, since 1000 = 10 3, the logarithm base of 1000 is 3, or log 10 (1000) = 3.
Beyond primary education, the symbol '÷' for division is seldom used, but is replaced by the use of algebraic fractions, [12] typically written vertically with the numerator stacked above the denominator – which makes grouping explicit and unambiguous – but sometimes written inline using the slash or solidus symbol, '/'. [13]
Typical ten-inch (25 cm) student slide rule (Pickett N902-T simplex trig) A slide rule is a hand-operated mechanical calculator consisting of slidable rulers for evaluating mathematical operations such as multiplication, division, exponents, roots, logarithms, and trigonometry. It is one of the simplest analog computers. [1] [2]
Logarithms can be used to make calculations easier. For example, two numbers can be multiplied just by using a logarithm table and adding. These are often known as logarithmic properties, which are documented in the table below. [2] The first three operations below assume that x = b c and/or y = b d, so that log b (x) = c and log b (y) = d.
In c. 1622, William Oughtred combined two handheld Gunter rules to make a calculating device that was essentially the first slide rule. [9] The logarithm function became a staple of mathematical analysis, but printed tables of logarithms gradually diminished in importance in the twentieth century as multiplying mechanical calculators and, later ...
The logarithm of a number to the base is the exponent to which must be raised to produce . For instance, since 1000 = 10 3 {\displaystyle 1000=10^{3}} , the logarithm base 10 of 1000 is 3.
Calculator Applications is one of several academic events sanctioned by the University Interscholastic League (UIL) in Texas, US. It is also a competition held by the Texas Math and Science Coaches Association, using the same rules as the UIL. Calculator Applications is designed to test students' abilities to use general calculator functions.
Note that if n 2 is the closest perfect square to the desired square x and d = x - n 2 is their difference, it is more convenient to express this approximation in the form of mixed fraction as . Thus, in the previous example, the square root of 15 is 4 − 1 8 . {\displaystyle 4{\tfrac {-1}{8}}.}