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  2. Sides of an equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sides_of_an_equation

    The two sides have the same value, expressed differently, since equality is symmetric. [1] More generally, these terms may apply to an inequation or inequality; the right-hand side is everything on the right side of a test operator in an expression, with LHS defined similarly.

  3. Two-sample hypothesis testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-sample_hypothesis_testing

    In statistical hypothesis testing, a two-sample test is a test performed on the data of two random samples, each independently obtained from a different given population. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the difference between these two populations is statistically significant .

  4. Sign test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_test

    The R command binom.test (x = 8, n = 10, p = 0.5, alternative = "two.sided") gives p=0.1094, as in the example. The sign test example in Conover [6] examined consumer preference for product A vs. product B. The null hypothesis was that consumers do not prefer product B over product A. The alternative hypothesis was that consumers prefer product ...

  5. Wilcoxon signed-rank test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilcoxon_signed-rank_test

    The Wilcoxon signed-rank test is a non-parametric rank test for statistical hypothesis testing used either to test the location of a population based on a sample of data, or to compare the locations of two populations using two matched samples. [1]

  6. Equivalence test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_test

    A very simple equivalence testing approach is the ‘two one-sided t-tests’ (TOST) procedure. [11] In the TOST procedure an upper (Δ U) and lower (–Δ L) equivalence bound is specified based on the smallest effect size of interest (e.g., a positive or negative difference of d = 0.3).

  7. One- and two-tailed tests - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-_and_two-tailed_tests

    A two-tailed test applied to the normal distribution. A one-tailed test, showing the p-value as the size of one tail. In statistical significance testing, a one-tailed test and a two-tailed test are alternative ways of computing the statistical significance of a parameter inferred from a data set, in terms of a test statistic. A two-tailed test ...

  8. Klein bottle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klein_bottle

    The boundary homomorphism is given by ∂D = 2C 1 and ∂C 1 = ∂C 2 = 0, yielding the homology groups of the Klein bottle K to be H 0 (K, Z) = Z, H 1 (K, Z) = Z×(Z/2Z) and H n (K, Z) = 0 for n > 1. There is a 2-1 covering map from the torus to the Klein bottle, because two copies of the fundamental region of the Klein bottle, one being ...

  9. Welch's t-test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welch's_t-test

    In statistics, Welch's t-test, or unequal variances t-test, is a two-sample location test which is used to test the (null) hypothesis that two populations have equal means. It is named for its creator, Bernard Lewis Welch , and is an adaptation of Student's t -test , [ 1 ] and is more reliable when the two samples have unequal variances and ...