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The penny, also known as the cent, is a coin in the United States representing one-hundredth of a dollar.It has been the lowest face-value physical unit of U.S. currency since the abolition of the half-cent in 1857 (the abstract mill, which has never been minted, equal to a tenth of a cent, continues to see limited use in the fields of taxation and finance).
Making a dollar equal to given quantities of both gold and silver made the currency vulnerable to variations in the price of precious metals, [1] [2] and U.S. coins flowed overseas for melting until adjustments were made to their size and weight in 1834 [3] and again with the Coinage Act of 1853, when the amount of bullion in the silver coins ...
On the reverse of the copper coins, there express the denomination of the coin as one-cent or half-cent. [4] The Act specified the issuing of three gold coins comprising a $10 gold coin called an "eagle", a $5 coin called a "half eagle", and a $2.5 coin called a "quarter eagle". [5]
The Quarter-Dollar, Half-Dollar and Dollar coins were issued in the copper 91.67% nickel 8.33% composition for general circulation and the Government issued six-coin Proof Set. A special three-coin set of 40% silver coins were also issued by the U.S. Mint in both Uncirculated and Proof.
First authorized by the Coinage Act of 1792 on April 2, 1792, [1] the coin was produced in the United States from 1793 to 1857. The half-cent piece was made of 100% copper and half of a cent, or one two-hundredth of a dollar (five milles).
The United States large cent was a coin with a face value of 1/100 of a United States dollar. Its nominal diameter was 1 1 ⁄ 8 inch (28.57 mm). The first official mintage of the large cent was in 1793, and its production continued until 1857, when it was officially replaced by the modern-size one-cent coin (commonly called the penny ).