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Executive functions include basic cognitive processes such as attentional control, cognitive inhibition, inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility. Higher-order executive functions require the simultaneous use of multiple basic executive functions and include planning and fluid intelligence (e.g., reasoning and problem-solving).
Executive functions are cognitive processes that control other brain activities and are predominantly functioning in the prefrontal areas of the frontal lobe. Executive functions are limited in capacity and accountable for the initiation, consolidation, regulation, and inhibition of cognitive, language, motor and emotional processes. [ 2 ]
Speech therapy, supportive care [4] Frontal lobe disorder , also frontal lobe syndrome , is an impairment of the frontal lobe of the brain due to disease or frontal lobe injury . [ 5 ] The frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions such as motivation, planning, social behaviour, and speech production.
That’s what executive dysfunction is: a disruption to certain brain processes that help us remember what we’re doing in the moment and control our thoughts, emotions, and behavior.
Executive functioning is a theoretical construct representing a domain of cognitive processes that regulate, control, and manage other cognitive processes. Executive functioning is not a unitary concept; it is a broad description of the set of processes involved in certain areas of cognitive and behavioural control. [1]
Inhibitory control, also known as response inhibition, is a cognitive process – and, more specifically, an executive function – that permits an individual to inhibit their impulses and natural, habitual, or dominant behavioral responses to stimuli (a.k.a. prepotent responses) in order to select a more appropriate behavior that is consistent with completing their goals.
The frontal lobe is the same part of the brain that is responsible for executive functions such as planning for the future, judgment, decision-making skills, attention span, and inhibition. These functions can decrease drastically in someone whose frontal lobe is damaged. [10] Consequences that are seen less frequently are also varied.
The tests are used by clinical neuropsychologists to assess executive functioning in people with neurological disorders such as tumors, [2] strokes, [3] acquired brain injury, [1] [4] Parkinson's disease, [5] dementia, [5] [3] Korsakoff's syndrome, [6] [3] encephalitis, [7] and also psychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia.