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Chlorination of benzene under electrophilic aromatic substitution conditions (Cl 2 /FeCl 3 or Cl 2 /AlCl 3) produces chlorobenzene. Since mono chloro-de-hydrogenation deactivates the molecule against further electrophilic reactions, the reaction can be halted at one chlorine atom substitution. Electrophilic chlorination: C 6 H 6 + Cl 2 → C 6 ...
A few types of aromatic compounds, such as phenol, will react without a catalyst, but for typical benzene derivatives with less reactive substrates, a Lewis acid is required as a catalyst. Typical Lewis acid catalysts include AlCl 3, FeCl 3, FeBr 3 and ZnCl 2. These work by forming a highly electrophilic complex which is attacked by the benzene ...
tert-Butylbenzene can be produced by the treatment of benzene with isobutene [1] or by the reaction of benzene with tert-butyl chloride in presence of anhydrous aluminium chloride, [2] the latter is depicted below:
CH 3 OH: methanol: 67-56-1 CH 3 N(C 2 H 4 OH) 2: methyl diethanolamine: 105-59-9 CH 3 NC: methyl isocyanide: 593-75-9 C 5 H 9 NO: N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone: 872-50-4 CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH: 1-Propanol: 71-23-8 CH 2 (CH 2 OH) 2: 1,3-Propanediol: 504-63-2 HOCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH: 1,5-Pentanediol: 111-29-5 (CH 3) 2 CHOH: 2-Propanol: 67-63-0 CH 3 CH ...
The most widely practised example of this reaction is the ethylation of benzene. Approximately 24,700,000 tons were produced in 1999. [2] (After dehydrogenation and polymerization, the commodity plastic polystyrene is produced.) In this process, acids are used as catalyst to generate the incipient carbocation. Many other electrophilic reactions ...
This is accomplished by the Gattermann-Koch reaction, accomplished by treating benzene with carbon monoxide and hydrogen chloride under high pressure, catalyzed by a mixture of aluminium chloride and cuprous chloride. Simple ketones that could be obtained by Friedel–Crafts acylation are produced by alternative methods, e.g., oxidation, in ...
c 6 h 5 ch 2 cl + 2 koh + 2 [o] → c 6 h 5 cook + kcl + h 2 o Benzyl chloride may be used in the synthesis of amphetamine-class drugs, and for this reason, sales of benzyl chloride are monitored as a List II drug precursor chemical by the US Drug Enforcement Administration .
2 Al + 3 Cl 2 → 2 AlCl 3 2 Al + 6 HCl → 2 AlCl 3 + 3 H 2. Aluminium chloride may be formed via a single displacement reaction between copper(II) chloride and aluminium. 2 Al + 3 CuCl 2 → 2 AlCl 3 + 3 Cu. In the US in 1993, approximately 21,000 tons were produced, not counting the amounts consumed in the production of aluminium. [7]