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Sulfur mustard, commonly known as mustard gas, was used as a chemical weapon in World War I and more recently in the Iran–Iraq War. Sulfur mustard is a vesicant alkylating agent with strong cytotoxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic properties. After exposure, victims show skin irritations and blisters.
Though symptoms of exposure are generally delayed, the DNA damage it causes occurs very quickly. More serious exposures cause symptoms to develop sooner. Eye symptoms develop first, in the first 1–2 hours (severe exposure) or 3–12 hours (mild to moderate exposure) followed by airway (2-6/12–24 hours) and skin symptoms (6–48 hours).
Mustard gas or sulfur mustard are names commonly used for the organosulfur chemical compound bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide, which has the chemical structure S(CH 2 CH 2 Cl) 2, as well as other species. In the wider sense, compounds with the substituents −SCH 2 CH 2 X or −N(CH 2 CH 2 X) 2 are known as sulfur mustards or nitrogen mustards ...
The typical symptoms of chlorine gas exposure are coughing, irritation or burning in the throat, nose and eyes, difficulty breathing, watery eyes and chest tightness, the experts note.
Nitrogen mustard exposure does not cause symptoms until several hours to several days afterwards, but more severe exposure causes symptoms sooner. With severe exposure, eye injury can manifest within 1-2 hours, airway damage within 2-6 hours, and skin damage within 6-12 hours (sooner in hot or humid weather).
“Women do more cooking, so they have more exposure,” she says. Gas stoves create different kinds of pollutants, including tiny airborne particles called fine particulate matter (or PM2.5) when ...
A study later published April 2021 in BMC Public Health surveyed 2257 adults who reported recent exposure to tear gas in Portland, Oregon. The adults were surveyed July 30, 2020 to Aug. 20, 2020.
Chemical burns caused by exposure to mustard gas during the First World War: Specialty: Emergency medicine Symptoms: itching, bleaching or darkening of skin, burning sensations, trouble breathing, coughing blood and/or tissue necrosis: Complications: Depends on the severity: Causes