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The abbreviation is used in an endnote or footnote to refer the reader to a cited work, standing in for repetition of the full title of the work. [1] Op. cit. thus refers the reader to the bibliography, where the full citation of the work can be found, or to a full citation given in a previous footnote.
An example of Ibid. citations in use, from Justice by Michael J. Sandel.. Ibid. is an abbreviation for the Latin word ibīdem, meaning ' in the same place ', commonly used in an endnote, footnote, bibliography citation, or scholarly reference to refer to the source cited in the preceding note or list item.
Loc. cit. (Latin, short for loco citato, meaning "in the place cited") is a footnote or endnote term used to repeat the title and page number for a given work (and author). Loc. cit. is used in place of ibid. when the reference is not only to the work immediately preceding, but also refers to the same page.
The abbreviation is used in citations. Not to be confused with id. id. idem "the same" (man) [1] It is used to avoid repeating the name of a male author (in citations, footnotes, bibliographies, etc.) When quoting a female author, use the corresponding feminine form, ead. , "the same" (woman). i.a. inter alia "among other things"
In publishing, a note is a brief text in which the author comments on the subject and themes of the book and names supporting citations.In the editorial production of books and documents, typographically, a note is usually several lines of text at the bottom of the page, at the end of a chapter, at the end of a volume, or a house-style typographic usage throughout the text.
The remaining footnotes will use shortened citations (these usually contain the author's last name, the date of publication, and the relevant page number[s]). A less common approach is to attach a {{rp|page}} right after the footnote marker replacing the "page" with the appropriate page number or numbers. For example:
The apparatus typically includes footnotes, standardized abbreviations for the source manuscripts, and symbols for denoting recurring problems (one symbol for each type of scribal error). As conceived of by one 19th-century editor: The object of a critical apparatus .. is to enable the earnest student to form his own text.
The dagger usually indicates a footnote if an asterisk has already been used. [1] A third footnote employs the double dagger. [5] Additional footnotes are somewhat inconsistent and represented by a variety of symbols, e.g., parallels ( ‖), section sign §, and the pilcrow ¶ – some of which were nonexistent in early modern typography.