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The Amu Darya (/ ˌ ɑː m uː ˈ d ɑːr j ə / AH-moo DAR-yə), [a] (Persian: آمو دریا) also shortened to Amu and historically known as the Oxus (/ ˈ ɒ k s ə s / OK-səss), [2] [b] is a major river in Central Asia, which flows through Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Afghanistan.
Geographically, it is the region between the rivers Amu Darya to its south and the Syr Darya to its north. [2] The region of Transoxiana was one of the satrapies (provinces) of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia under the name Sogdia.
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Pseudoscaphirhynchus is a genus of relatively small, highly threatened sturgeons that are restricted to the Aral Sea system (although extirpated from the Aral Sea itself), including the Amu Darya and Syr Darya river basins, in Central Asia. [3] [4] P. fedtschenkoi is restricted to Syr Darya, but has not been seen in decades and it is possibly ...
The Amu Darya sturgeon feeds on small fish and aquatic insect larvae, with large individuals being mostly piscivorous. [1] [5]Studies in the 1960s and 1970s showed that Amu Darya sturgeon reach maturity when 5–8 years old (slightly later in females than males), but in the 1990s the youngest mature individuals only were 4 years old, possibly due to environmental changes in their habitat. [7]
As the Amu Darya shifted eastward in recent times, it could no longer reach the Sarykamysh Depression and flowed into the Aral Basin. The Uzboy dried up and the tribes along the river abandoned their settlements. The survivors led a nomadic lifestyle. Since 1575, it is said, the Amu Darya has flowed back into the Aral Sea.
Amu Darya→ Aral Sea The Kofarnihon ( Tajik : Кофарниҳон , Uzbek : Kofarnihon ) is one of the major tributaries of the Amu Darya (together with Vakhsh and Panj ) in Tajikistan . The river is 387 kilometres (240 mi) long and has a basin area of 11,600 square kilometres (4,500 sq mi). [ 1 ]
In the delta of the Amu Darya where it reaches the Aral Sea, its waters were channelled for irrigation agriculture by people whose remains resemble those of the nomads of the Andronovo culture. This is interpreted as nomads settling down to agriculture, after contact with the BMAC, known as the Tazabagyab culture. [50]