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Learn how Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner, Fritz Strassmann and Otto Frisch discovered that the nucleus of an atom can split into two or more smaller nuclei and release energy. Explore the history of radioactivity, neutron bombardment, fission products and the role of uranium-235.
Nuclear fission is a reaction in which the nucleus of an atom splits into two or more smaller nuclei, releasing large amounts of energy and neutrons. Learn about the discovery, mechanism, products, and uses of fission for nuclear power and weapons.
A nuclear chain reaction is a self-propagating series of nuclear reactions, such as fission, that release large amounts of energy. The web page explains the history, process and applications of nuclear chain reactions, and provides examples and references.
Learn how the concept of atoms evolved from ancient philosophy to modern science, and who developed the first atomic theory. John Dalton was the first to propose that matter is composed of indivisible particles called atoms, based on his observations of chemical reactions.
Learn how nuclear power was invented and developed from the discovery of fission to the first nuclear reactors and weapons. The web page covers the origins, the first nuclear reactor, the early years, and the current status of nuclear power.
Ernest Rutherford was a New Zealand physicist who discovered the proton in 1917 by bombarding nitrogen nuclei with alpha particles. He also developed the Rutherford model of the atom and the atomic numbering system, and won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1908.
Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one chemical element or an isotope into another chemical element. It can occur naturally by nuclear reactions or radioactive decay, or artificially by particle accelerators or neutron bombardment.
An atom is the smallest particle of an element that has the same chemical properties as the element. It consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Learn about the history of atomic theory, the structure and properties of atoms, and how they form compounds.