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Graph coloring. A proper vertex coloring of the Petersen graph with 3 colors, the minimum number possible. In graph theory, graph coloring is a special case of graph labeling; it is an assignment of labels traditionally called "colors" to elements of a graph subject to certain constraints. In its simplest form, it is a way of coloring the ...
Number matching or matching numbers is a term often used in the collector car industry to describe cars with original major components, or major components that match one another. Many times these major components contain dates, casting numbers, model numbers, Vehicle Identification Numbers (VIN), stamped numbers, or codes that can match the ...
A prime number, often shortened to just prime, is an integer greater than 1 that is not the product of two smaller positive integers. The first few prime numbers are ...
In set theory, an ordinal number, or ordinal, is a generalization of ordinal numerals (first, second, n th, etc.) aimed to extend enumeration to infinite sets. [1] A finite set can be enumerated by successively labeling each element with the least natural number that has not been previously used.
Stable marriage problem. In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the stable marriage problem (also stable matching problem) is the problem of finding a stable matching between two equally sized sets of elements given an ordering of preferences for each element. A matching is a bijection from the elements of one set to the elements of ...
Perfect matching. In graph theory, a perfect matching in a graph is a matching that covers every vertex of the graph. More formally, given a graph G = (V, E), a perfect matching in G is a subset M of edge set E, such that every vertex in the vertex set V is adjacent to exactly one edge in M. A perfect matching is also called a 1-factor; see ...
The first ordinal number that is not a natural number is expressed as ω; this is also the ordinal number of the set of natural numbers itself. The least ordinal of cardinality ℵ 0 (that is, the initial ordinal of ℵ 0 ) is ω but many well-ordered sets with cardinal number ℵ 0 have an ordinal number greater than ω .
An graph (or a component) with an odd number of vertices cannot have a perfect matching, since there will always be a vertex left alone. The goal is to characterize all graphs that do not have a perfect matching. Start with the most obvious case of a graph without a perfect matching: a graph with an odd number of vertices.