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Water (H2O) is a polar inorganic compound that is at room temperature a tasteless and odorless liquid, which is nearly colorless apart from an inherent hint of blue. It is by far the most studied chemical compound [19] and is described as the "universal solvent " [20] and the "solvent of life". [21]
Up to 99.63 °C (the boiling point of water at 0.1 MPa), at this pressure water exists as a liquid. Above that, it exists as water vapor. Note that the boiling point of 100.0 °C is at a pressure of 0.101325 MPa (1 atm), which is the average atmospheric pressure. Water/steam data table at standard pressure (0.1 M Pa) T °C.
For example, in the brewing industry, the Plato table lists sucrose concentration by weight against true SG, and was originally (20 °C/4 °C) [7] i.e. based on measurements of the density of sucrose solutions made at laboratory temperature (20 °C) but referenced to the density of water at 4 °C which is very close to the temperature at which ...
It freezes at a lower temperature (about −1.9 °C (28.6 °F)) and its density increases with decreasing temperature to the freezing point, instead of reaching maximum density at a temperature above freezing. The salinity of water in major seas varies from about 0.7% in the Baltic Sea to 4.0% in the Red Sea.
The refractive index of water at 20 °C for visible light is 1.33. [1] The refractive index of normal ice is 1.31 (from List of refractive indices). In general, an index of refraction is a complex number with real and imaginary parts, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular wavelength.
The boiling point of a substance is the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid equals the pressure surrounding the liquid [ 1 ][ 2 ] and the liquid changes into a vapor. The boiling point of a liquid varies depending upon the surrounding environmental pressure. A liquid in a partial vacuum, i.e., under a lower pressure, has a lower ...
The density of ice is 0.9167 [1] –0.9168 [2] g/cm 3 at 0 °C and standard atmospheric pressure (101,325 Pa), whereas water has a density of 0.9998 [1] –0.999863 [2] g/cm 3 at the same temperature and pressure. Liquid water is densest, essentially 1.00 g/cm 3, at 4 °C and begins to lose its density as the water molecules begin to form the ...
Density (volumetric mass density or specific mass) is a substance's mass per unit of volume. The symbol most often used for density is ρ (the lower case Greek letter rho), although the Latin letter D can also be used. Mathematically, density is defined as mass divided by volume: [1] where ρ is the density, m is the mass, and V is the volume.