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Humorism (or the four humors) refers to blood, phlegm, yellow bile and black bile. Each of the four humors were linked to an organ, temper, season and element. [ 2 ] It was also theorized that sex played a role in medicine because some diseases and treatments were different for females than for males.
Bile (from Latin bilis), or gall, is a yellow-green/misty green fluid produced by the liver of most vertebrates that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is primarily composed of water , is produced continuously by the liver, and is stored and concentrated in the gallbladder .
16th-century German illustration of the four humors: Flegmat (phlegm), Sanguin (blood), Coleric (yellow bile) and Melanc (black bile), divided between the male and female sexes Humorism , the humoral theory , or humoralism , was a system of medicine detailing a supposed makeup and workings of the human body, adopted by Ancient Greek and Roman ...
Galen's understanding of anatomy and medicine was principally influenced by the then-current theory of the four humors: black bile, yellow bile, blood, and phlegm, as first advanced by the author of On the Nature of Man in the Hippocratic corpus. [11] Galen's views dominated and influenced Western medical science for more than 1,300 years.
Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. [4] Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gallbladder. [5] During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum (part of the small intestine) to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils. [5]
Bile (Irish legend), a legendary ancestor of the Irish people; Bile (band), a New York industrial metal band; Bile language, a Southern Bantoid Jarawan language of Nigeria; Black bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine; Yellow bile, a humor in ancient and pre-modern medicine; Birmingham Laptop Ensemble (BiLE)
Bile leakage causes inflammation in abdominal tissues or liver parenchyma. This results in fibrosis and encapsulation. Bile leakage is located at the biliary tube site with rare occurrences at the anastomotic site. [1] Greenish-yellow bile is usually present as well as blood. This will occur if there is an infection present.
Blockage or obstruction of the bile duct by gallstones, scarring from injury, or cancer prevents the bile from being transported to the intestine and the active ingredient in the bile instead accumulates in the blood. This condition results in jaundice, where the skin and eyes become yellow from the bilirubin in the blood. This condition also ...