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The shrink–swell capacity of soils refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry. Soil with a high shrink–swell capacity is problematic and is known as shrink–swell soil, or expansive soil . [ 1 ]
Smectite can swell because of the reversible incorporation of water and cations in the interlayer space. The TOT layers are negatively charged because of the isomorphic substitution of Si(IV) atoms by Al(III) atoms in the two external silica tetrahedral layers and because of the replacement of Al(III) or Fe(III) atoms by Mg 2+ or Fe 2+ cations ...
Swelling index may refer to the following material parameters that quantify volume change: Crucible swelling index, also known as free swelling index, in coal assay; Swelling capacity, the amount of a liquid that can be absorbed by a polymer; Shrink–swell capacity in soil mechanics; Unload-reload constant (κ) in critical state soil mechanics
Expansive clay, also called expansive soil, is a clay soil prone to large volume changes (swelling and shrinking) directly related to changes in water content. [1] Soils with a high content of expansive minerals can form deep cracks in drier seasons or years; such soils are called vertisols.
The swelling capacity of a polymer is the amount of a liquid that can be absorbed by it. This test can done by two methods: This test can done by two methods: Beaker test method [ 1 ]
Due to the non-linearity of the equation, numerical techniques such as the non-linear least-squares method can be used to solve the van Genuchten parameters. [4] [5] The accuracy of the estimated parameters will depend on the quality of the acquired dataset (and ). Structural overestimation or underestimation can occur when water retention ...
Soils with high shrink–swell capacity, such as vertisols, recover quickly from compaction where moisture conditions are variable (dry spells shrink the soil, causing it to crack). But clays such as kaolinite , which do not crack as they dry, cannot recover from compaction on their own unless they host ground-dwelling animals such as ...
Low-density cross-linked SAPs generally have a higher absorbent capacity and swell to a larger degree. These types of SAPs also have a softer and stickier gel formation. High cross-link density polymers exhibit lower absorbent capacity and swell, and the gel strength is firmer and can maintain particle shape even under modest pressure.