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  2. Astigmatism (optical systems) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astigmatism_(optical_systems)

    This is called the medial focus or circle of least confusion. This plane often represents the best compromise image location in a system with astigmatism. The amount of aberration due to astigmatism is proportional to the square of the angle between the rays from the object and the optical axis of the system. With care, an optical system can be ...

  3. Eye chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye_chart

    An example of the Landolt C eye chart (also known as the Japanese eye chart). Numerous types of eye charts exist and are used in various situations. For example, the Snellen chart is designed for use at 6 meters or 20 feet, and is thus appropriate for testing distance vision, while the ETDRS chart is designed for use at 4 meters. [16]

  4. List of optometric abbreviations - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_optometric...

    Visual acuity with Near chart without correctors Visual acuity with eye chart at Near 15.7 inches (400 mm) and without (sc: Latin sine correctore) correctors (spectacles); Ncc is with (cc: Latin cum correctore) correctors. See Visual_acuity#Legal_definitions: VA OS Left visual acuity VA OD Right visual acuity VDU Visual display unit VF Visual field

  5. Focus (optics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(optics)

    In geometrical optics, a focus, also called an image point, is a point where light rays originating from a point on the object converge. [1] Although the focus is conceptually a point, physically the focus has a spatial extent, called the blur circle. This non-ideal focusing may be caused by aberrations of the imaging optics.

  6. Focus (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Focus_(geometry)

    Thus, for instance, the minor planet Pluto's largest moon Charon has an elliptical orbit which has one focus at the Pluto-Charon system's barycenter, which is a point that is in space between the two bodies; and Pluto also moves in an ellipse with one of its foci at that same barycenter between the bodies. Pluto's ellipse is entirely inside ...

  7. Human eye - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_eye

    The sagittal vertical (height) of a human adult eye is approximately 23.7 mm (0.93 in), the transverse horizontal diameter (width) is 24.2 mm (0.95 in) and the axial anteroposterior size (depth) averages 22.0–24.8 mm (0.87–0.98 in) with no significant difference between sexes and age groups. [4]

  8. Aspheric lens - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aspheric_lens

    While in principle aspheric surfaces can take a wide variety of forms, aspheric lenses are often designed with surfaces of the form = (+ (+)) + + +, [3]where the optic axis is presumed to lie in the z direction, and () is the sag—the z-component of the displacement of the surface from the vertex, at distance from the axis.

  9. Vertex distance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vertex_distance

    Vertex distance is the distance between the back surface of a corrective lens, i.e. glasses (spectacles) or contact lenses, and the front of the cornea. Increasing or decreasing the vertex distance changes the optical properties of the system, by moving the focal point forward or backward, effectively changing the power of the lens relative to ...