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The program can then jump to the called subroutine. Producing such code instead of a standard call sequence is called tail-call elimination or tail-call optimization. Tail-call elimination allows procedure calls in tail position to be implemented as efficiently as goto statements, thus allowing efficient structured programming.
In terms of mathematical optimization, dynamic programming usually refers to simplifying a decision by breaking it down into a sequence of decision steps over time. This is done by defining a sequence of value functions V 1 , V 2 , ..., V n taking y as an argument representing the state of the system at times i from 1 to n .
Forward vs. inverse kinematics. In computer animation and robotics, inverse kinematics is the mathematical process of calculating the variable joint parameters needed to place the end of a kinematic chain, such as a robot manipulator or animation character's skeleton, in a given position and orientation relative to the start of the chain.
Impedance control is an approach to dynamic control relating force and position. It is often used in applications where a manipulator interacts with its environment and the force position relation is of concern. Examples of such applications include humans interacting with robots, where the force produced by the human relates to how fast the ...
VPython is Open Source, and a part of the Python Library, combining the Python programming language with a 3D graphics module called Visual.. This library application allows users to create 3D objects, such as spheres and cones, and then display these objects in an app window.
Suppose two forces act on a particle at the origin (the "tails" of the vectors) of Figure 1.Let the lengths of the vectors F 1 and F 2 represent the velocities the two forces could produce in the particle by acting for a given time, and let the direction of each represent the direction in which they act.
Force-directed graph drawing algorithms assign forces among the set of edges and the set of nodes of a graph drawing.Typically, spring-like attractive forces based on Hooke's law are used to attract pairs of endpoints of the graph's edges towards each other, while simultaneously repulsive forces like those of electrically charged particles based on Coulomb's law are used to separate all pairs ...
In this way, it is possible to switch from position control to force control for individual spatial directions when contact or collision is established. In the case of contact tasks, all spatial directions would be motion-controlled in the case of free movement, and after contact is established, the contact direction would be switched to force ...