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Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is a syndrome due to decreased blood flow in the coronary arteries such that part of the heart muscle is unable to function properly or dies. [1] The most common symptom is centrally located pressure-like chest pain , often radiating to the left shoulder [ 2 ] or angle of the jaw, and associated with nausea and ...
Coronary steal is also the mechanism in most drug-based cardiac stress tests; When a patient is incapable of doing physical activity they are given a vasodilator that produces a "cardiac steal syndrome" as a diagnostic procedure. The test result is positive if the patient's symptoms reappear or if ECG alterations are seen.
434.10 Cerebral embolism without cerebral infarction; 434.11 Cerebral embolism with cerebral infarction; 435 Transient cerebral ischemia. 435.0 Basilar artery syndrome; 435.1 Vertebral artery syndrome; 435.2 Subclavian steal syndrome; 435.3 Vertebrobasilar artery syndrome; 435.9 Transient ischemic attack, unspec. 436 Acute but ill-defined ...
Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by the enlargement of a coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter. [1] The disease is commonly asymptomatic and is normally discovered when performing tests for other conditions such as coronary artery disease, stable angina and other acute coronary syndromes.
The Kounis syndrome is distinguished from two other causes of coronary artery spasms and symptoms viz., the far more common, non-allergic syndrome, Prinzmetal's angina [4] and eosinophilic coronary periarteritis, an extremely rare disorder caused by extensive eosinophilic infiltration of the adventitia and periadventitia, i.e. the soft tissues ...
Coronary ischemia and coronary artery disease are contributors to the development of heart failure over time. [10] Diagnosis of coronary ischemia is achieved by an attaining a medical history and physical examination in addition to other tests such as electrocardiography (ECG), stress testing , and coronary angiography . [ 11 ]
The diagnosis of microvascular angina (previously known as cardiac syndrome X – the rare coronary artery disease that is more common in females, as mentioned, is a diagnosis of exclusion. Therefore, usually, the same tests are used as in any person suspected of having coronary artery disease: [77] Intravascular ultrasound
Given the demographics of SCAD, it is important to maintain a high index of suspicion for the condition in otherwise low-risk women presenting with symptoms of acute coronary syndrome. Initial evaluation may show ECG changes of ST elevation, like heart attacks due to other causes. SCAD comprises 2-4% of all cases of acute coronary syndrome. [14]