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Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) occurs when a human fetus is infected with the rubella virus (German measles) via maternal-fetal transmission and develops birth defects. [1] The most common congenital defects affect the ophthalmologic, cardiac, auditory, and neurologic systems.
Hemolytic–uremic syndrome: Horner's Syndrome Triad: ptosis (eyelid), miosis, anhydrosis: Horner's syndrome: Hutchinson's triad: Hutchison's teeth, Interstitial keratitis, Nerve deafness: Congenital syphilis: Kartagener Syndrome Triad: Triad of bronchiectasis, Recurrent sinusitis, and, Situs inversus, Kartagener syndrome: Leriche's syndrome Triad
In the case of congenital rubella infection, there is no known cure. Therefore, the focus of treatment is disease prevention. The MMR vaccine is highly efficacious in preventing congenital rubella and is given routinely as a part of the pediatric vaccine schedule. [10] For neonates with congenital CMV infection, antiviral medication is given.
Progressive rubella panencephalitis (PRP) is a neurological disorder which may occur in a child with congenital rubella. [1] It is a slow viral infection of the brain characterized by chronic encephalitis, usually manifesting between 8–19 years of age. It is believed to be due to a persistence or reactivation of rubella virus infection.
Pregnant women with Rubella are at risk of having a miscarriage or having a baby born with multiple birth defects due to Congenital rubella syndrome. It affected around 12.5 million people in the US. An estimated 11,000 pregnancies ended in miscarriage or stillbirth , just over 2,000 newborn babies died , and of those that survived around ...
Generalized infection may occur in the infant, and can cause complications such as low birth weight, microcephaly, seizures, petechial rash similar to the "blueberry muffin" rash of congenital rubella syndrome, and moderate hepatosplenomegaly (with jaundice). Though severe cases can be fatal, with supportive treatment most infants with CMV ...
The genome encodes several non-coding RNA structures; among them is the rubella virus 3' cis-acting element, which contains multiple stem-loops, one of which has been found to be essential for viral replication. [12] The only significant region of homology between rubella and the alphaviruses is located at the NH2 terminus of non structural ...
The most common congenital infection to cause congenital cataracts is Rubella. [4] Rubella is especially common, with a higher incidence in India. [4] Rubella is characterized by a triad of features: congenital cataracts, sensorineural hearing loss, and patent ductus arteriosus (a congenital heart condition). [4] Trauma can cause cataracts in ...