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Having six or more café au lait spots greater than 5 mm in diameter before puberty, or greater than 15 mm in diameter after puberty, is a diagnostic feature of neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1), but other features are required to diagnose NF-1. [2] Familial multiple cafe-au-lait spots have been observed without an NF-1 diagnosis. [9] Noonan syndrome
List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins; List of cutaneous conditions caused by problems with junctional proteins; List of dental abnormalities associated with cutaneous conditions; List of genes mutated in cutaneous conditions; List of histologic stains that aid in diagnosis of cutaneous conditions
Legius syndrome (LS) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by cafe au lait spots. [3] It was first described in 2007 and is often mistaken for neurofibromatosis type I. It is caused by mutations in the SPRED1 gene. [5] [6] It is also known as neurofibromatosis type 1-like syndrome. [1]
Neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is typically characterized by café au lait spots (light-brown flat patches of skin), neurofibromas (small bumps in or under the skin), scoliosis (side-way curvature of the back), and headaches. [2]
Hyperpigmented skin lesions with characteristic features, including jagged "coast of Maine" borders and tendency occur along the midline of the body. These lesions are historically termed café au lait macules, however the term "cafe-au-lait" only describes their appearance on lighter-skinned individuals. [5]
Waardenburg syndrome is a group of rare genetic conditions characterised by at least some degree of congenital hearing loss and pigmentation deficiencies, which can include bright blue eyes (or one blue eye and one brown eye), a white forelock or patches of light skin.
The Mongolian spot is a congenital developmental condition exclusively involving the skin. The blue colour is caused by melanocytes , melanin -containing cells, that are deep under the skin. [ 6 ] Usually, as multiple spots or one large patch, it covers one or more of the lumbosacral area (lower back ), the buttocks , sides, and shoulders . [ 6 ]
List of conditions associated with café au lait macules; List of contact allergens; List of cutaneous conditions associated with increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer; List of cutaneous conditions associated with internal malignancy; List of cutaneous conditions caused by mutations in keratins