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The same definition can be used for series = whose terms are not numbers but rather elements of an arbitrary abelian topological group.In that case, instead of using the absolute value, the definition requires the group to have a norm, which is a positive real-valued function ‖ ‖: + on an abelian group (written additively, with identity element 0) such that:
In a weak formulation, equations or conditions are no longer required to hold absolutely (and this is not even well defined) and has instead weak solutions only with respect to certain "test vectors" or "test functions". In a strong formulation, the solution space is constructed such that these equations or conditions are already fulfilled.
Weinberg's weak mixing angle θ W, and relation between coupling constants g, g′, and e. Adapted from Lee (1981). [7] The pattern of weak isospin, T 3, and weak hypercharge, Y W, of the known elementary particles, showing the electric charge, Q, along the weak mixing angle. The neutral Higgs field (circled) breaks the electroweak symmetry and ...
The strength of the weak interaction is an outstanding problem in modern particle physics.A theory should ideally explain why the weak interaction is 32 orders of magnitude stronger than gravity; this is known as the hierarchy problem.
The combination of the SU(2) gauge theory of the weak interaction, the electromagnetic interaction, and the Higgs mechanism is known as the Glashow–Weinberg–Salam model. Today it is widely accepted as one of the pillars of the Standard Model of particle physics, particularly given the 2012 discovery of the Higgs boson by the CMS and ATLAS ...
Trump’s strong dollar policies Trump has promised to clamp down on immigration, impose tariffs , and institute another round of sizable tax cuts after extending the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.
Also, if u is differentiable in the conventional sense then its weak derivative is identical (in the sense given above) to its conventional (strong) derivative. Thus the weak derivative is a generalization of the strong one. Furthermore, the classical rules for derivatives of sums and products of functions also hold for the weak derivative.
Reese Witherspoon doesn't need backups, because she just cast the perfect actress to play young Elle Woods.. This week, the Legally Blonde actress announced Lexi Minetree as the lead in the new ...