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If MSC treatment becomes available for stroke patients, it is possible that current mortality and morbidity rates could substantially improve due to the direct enhancement of neuroprotection and neurorestoration mechanisms rather than only indirect facilitation or prevention of further damage, e.g. decompressive surgery.
In adjunct with surgery, refractory muscle contracture can also be treated with Botulinum toxins A and B; however, the effectiveness of the toxin is slowly lost over time, and most patients need a single treatment to correct muscle contracture over the first few weeks after surgery. [21] Shortening of the surgically lengthened muscle can re-occur.
In pathology, a contracture is a shortening of muscles, tendons, skin, and nearby soft tissues that causes the joints to shorten and become very stiff, preventing normal movement. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] A contracture is usually permanent, but less commonly can be temporary (such as in McArdle disease ), [ 3 ] or resolve over time but reoccur later in life ...
Furthermore, splints and braces can be used to support limbs and joints to prevent or treat complications such as contractures and spasticity. [14] The rehabilitation healthcare team should also educate the patient and their family on common stroke symptoms and how to manage an onset of stroke.
The main goal of botulinum toxin A is to maintain the range of motion of affected joints and to prevent the occurrence of fixed joint contractures or stiffness. [ 37 ] [ 38 ] A randomized trial pointed out that individualized homeopathic medication in addition to the standard physiotherapy might have some effect in post-stroke hemiparesis.
Many patients with spastic hemiplegia use canes, walkers and even wheelchairs. Due to the decrease in weight bearing, patients are at a higher risk of developing osteoporosis. [3] An unhealthy weight can further complicate mobility. Patients with spastic hemiplegia are a high risk for experiencing seizures. [4]