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An example of this lichen-yeast symbiosis is the North American beard-like lichens. [ 51 ] The lichen combination of alga or cyanobacterium with a fungus has a very different form (morphology), physiology, and biochemistry than the component fungus, alga, or cyanobacterium growing by itself, naturally or in culture.
Lichen species common names are often the same as the common name of the genus they are in, or are a modification of that common name by adding an adjective. But sometimes the parts of a lichen species common name are common names of other lichen genera. For example, Psilolechia lucida, in the genus Psilolechia, is commonly called "sulphur dust ...
Lichen product – organic products, known as secondary metabolites, produced by lichens; these provide a variety of protections for the lichen – from microbes, viruses, herbivores, radiation, oxidants and more. [120] List of lichen products; Chemical spot tests on the foliose lichen Punctelia borreri showing
With the exception of calicioid lichens, lichen growth forms are based on the appearance of the thallus, which is the vegetative (non-reproductive) part of the lichen. [5] In most species, this form is determined by the lichen's fungal partner, though in a small number, it is instead the alga or cyanobacteria (the lichen's photosynthetic ...
Crustose lichens on a wall Growth of crustose lichen on a tree trunk. Crustose lichens are lichens that form a crust which strongly adheres to the substrate (soil, rock, tree bark, etc.), making separation from the substrate impossible without destruction. [1] The basic structure of crustose lichens consists of a cortex layer, an algal layer ...
About one-third of all lichen photobionts are cyanobacteria, while the remaining two-thirds are green algae. [2] Some lichens host both green algae and cyanobacteria alongside their fungal component. These are known as "tripartite" lichens. In most lichens, the photobiont forms an extensive layer covering much of the lichen body (the thallus).
Lichens also sometimes contain structures made from fungal metabolites, for example crustose lichens sometimes have a polysaccharide layer in the cortex. Although each lichen thallus generally appears homogeneous, some evidence seems to suggest that the fungal component may consist of more than one genetic individual of that species.
Lichens are composite organisms, consisting of a fungal mycobiont and one or more photosynthetic partners (either green algae or cyanobacteria, or both). One or more ...