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Repair principles which do not improve the strength or performance of concrete beyond its original (undamaged) condition include replacement and restoration of concrete after spalling and delamination; strengthening to restore structural load-bearing capacity; and increasing resistance to physical or mechanical attack.
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Concrete fracture analysis is part of fracture mechanics that studies crack propagation and related failure modes in concrete. [17] As it is widely used in construction, fracture analysis and modes of reinforcement are an important part of the study of concrete, and different concretes are characterized in part by their fracture properties. [ 18 ]
CPP and CPR methods, developed over the last 40 years, are used in lieu of asphalt overlays and bituminous patches to repair roads when longer lasting solutions are desired. When installing pavers over top of an existing asphalt of concrete pad, there are three installation options: sand set, bituminous set, and mortar set. [1]
When a reinforced concrete member is put in tension, after cracking, the member elongates by widening of cracks and by formation of new cracks. Figure 1 Formation of internal cracks Ignoring the small elastic strain in the concrete between the cracks, we can relate the crack width to the strain of the member by:
For the situation where the plate is large compared to the size of the crack and the location of the force is relatively close to the crack, i.e., , , , , the plate can be considered infinite. In that case, for the stress intensity factors for F x {\displaystyle F_{x}} at crack tip B ( x = a {\displaystyle x=a} ) are [ 11 ] [ 12 ]
The repair needed also differs based on the severity and extent of the cracking. For minor cracks, preventative crack filling is a good procedure that can help prevent future potholes from forming. In the early stages, sealing cracks with crack sealant limits further deterioration of the subgrade due to moisture penetration.
In a 1961 paper, P. C. Paris introduced the idea that the rate of crack growth may depend on the stress intensity factor. [4] Then in their 1963 paper, Paris and Erdogan indirectly suggested the equation with the aside remark "The authors are hesitant but cannot resist the temptation to draw the straight line slope 1/4 through the data" after reviewing data on a log-log plot of crack growth ...