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For example, slapd (the standalone LDAP daemon) generally runs as a non-root user, and SASL-based encryption of LDAP traffic is natively supported. On large LANs, DNS servers may provide better nameserver functionality than NIS or LDAP can provide, leaving just site-wide identification information for NIS master and slave systems to serve ...
The file owner is 'root' and the SUID permission is set (the '4') - so the file is executed as 'root'. The reason an executable would be run as 'root' is so that it can modify specific files that the user would not normally be allowed to, without giving the user full root access. A default use of this can be seen with the /usr/bin/passwd binary ...
In computer security, jailbreaking is defined as the act of removing limitations that a vendor attempted to hard-code into its software or services. [2] A common example is the use of toolsets to break out of a chroot or jail in UNIX-like operating systems [3] or bypassing digital rights management (DRM).
In software development, time-of-check to time-of-use (TOCTOU, TOCTTOU or TOC/TOU) is a class of software bugs caused by a race condition involving the checking of the state of a part of a system (such as a security credential) and the use of the results of that check.
The device mapper is a framework provided by the Linux kernel for mapping physical block devices onto higher-level virtual block devices.It forms the foundation of the logical volume manager (LVM), software RAIDs and dm-crypt disk encryption, and offers additional features such as file system snapshots.
The systemd daemon serves as the root of the user space's process tree; the first process (PID 1) has a special role on Unix systems, as it replaces the parent of a process when the original parent terminates. Therefore, the first process is particularly well suited for the purpose of monitoring daemons.
Filesystem in Userspace (FUSE) is a software interface for Unix and Unix-like computer operating systems that lets non-privileged users create their own file systems without editing kernel code. This is achieved by running file system code in user space while the FUSE module provides only a bridge to the actual kernel interfaces.
Vagrant is a source-available software product for building and maintaining portable virtual software development environments; [5] e.g., for VirtualBox, KVM, Hyper-V, Docker containers, VMware, Parallels, and AWS. It tries to simplify the software configuration management of virtualization in order to increase development productivity.