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The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride (PCl 5) with phosphorus pentoxide (P 4 O 10). 6 PCl 5 + P 4 O 10 → 10 POCl 3. The reaction can be simplified by chlorinating a mixture of PCl 3 and P 4 O 10, generating the PCl 5 in situ. The reaction of phosphorus pentachloride with boric acid or oxalic acid: [12] 3 PCl 5 + 2 B(OH) 3 → 3 POCl 3 + B ...
The reaction of a substituted amide with phosphorus oxychloride gives a substituted chloroiminium ion (2), also called the Vilsmeier reagent. The initial product is an iminium ion (4b), which is hydrolyzed to the corresponding ketone or aldehyde during workup. [7] The Vilsmeier–Haack reaction
Vilsmeier reagent is the active intermediate in the formylation reactions, the Vilsmeier reaction or Vilsmeier-Haack reaction that use mixtures of dimethylformamide and phosphorus oxychloride to generate the Vilsmeier reagent, which in turn attacks a nucleophilic substrate and eventually hydrolyzes to give formyl.
The Bischler–Napieralski reaction is an intramolecular electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction that allows for the cyclization of β-arylethylamides or β-arylethylcarbamates. It was first discovered in 1893 by August Bischler and Bernard Napieralski [ de ] , in affiliation with Basel Chemical Works and the University of Zurich .
Typically, such reactions are conducted in the presence of a base such as pyridine. The diester derived from phenol, phenyl oxalate ester, is Cyalume, the active ingredient in glow sticks. [citation needed] A similar reaction occurs with amines to give substituted oxalamides: [17] 2 R−NH 2 + ClC(=O)−C(=O)Cl → R−NH−C(=O)−C(=O)−NH ...
This reaction is used to produce around 10,000 tonnes of PCl 5 per year (as of 2000). [6] PCl 3 + Cl 2 ⇌ PCl 5 (ΔH = −124 kJ/mol) PCl 5 exists in equilibrium with PCl 3 and chlorine, and at 180 °C the degree of dissociation is about 40%. [6] Because of this equilibrium, samples of PCl 5 often contain chlorine, which imparts a greenish ...
Phosphorus trichloride is prepared industrially by the reaction of chlorine with white phosphorus, using phosphorus trichloride as the solvent. In this continuous process PCl 3 is removed as it is formed in order to avoid the formation of PCl 5. P 4 + 6 Cl 2 → 4 PCl 3
This page contains tables of azeotrope data for various binary and ternary mixtures of solvents. The data include the composition of a mixture by weight (in binary azeotropes, when only one fraction is given, it is the fraction of the second component), the boiling point (b.p.) of a component, the boiling point of a mixture, and the specific gravity of the mixture.