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The muscle fibers belonging to one motor unit can be spread throughout part, or most of the entire muscle, depending on the number of fibers and size of the muscle. [2] [3] When a motor neuron is activated, all of the muscle fibers innervated by the motor neuron are stimulated and contract. The activation of one motor neuron will result in a ...
Compliance is calculated using the following equation, where is the change in volume (mL), and is the change in pressure : [3] C = Δ V Δ P {\displaystyle C={\frac {\Delta V}{\Delta P}}} Physiologic compliance is generally in agreement with the above and adds d P d t {\textstyle {\tfrac {dP}{dt}}} as a common academic physiologic measurement ...
Secondly, the relative change in force produced by additional recruitment remains relatively constant. For counterexample, if all motor units produced similar force, then recruiting an additional unit might increase force by 10% when only 10 motor units are active, but produce only 1% increase when 100 are active. [11]
Longer-term hypertrophy occurs due to more permanent changes in muscle structure. Hirono et al. explained the causes of Muscle swelling: [10] "Muscle swelling occurs as a result of the following: (a) resistance exercise can increase phosphocreatine and hydrogen ion accumulations due to blood lactate and growth hormone production, and
Resistance training has been shown to dramatically increase performance of motor units of the larger muscle groups. [2] Motor unit plasticity of the larger muscle groups is extremely important for athletes, especially those participating in high impact and fast pace sports such as track and field, martial arts, and American football.
Drive reduction theory, developed by Clark Hull in 1943, is a major theory of motivation in the behaviorist learning theory tradition. [1] "Drive" is defined as motivation that arises due to a psychological or physiological need. [2] It works as an internal stimulus that motivates an individual to sate the drive. [3]
Unlike the endomysium, the perimysium has large variations in quantity and organization from one muscle group to another. [12] Muscles contain far more perimysial than endomysial connective tissue, and it has also been observed that the ratio of the dry mass of perimysium to that of endomysium ranges between 2.8-1 and 64–1. [13]
Reactive inhibition may be important in everyday life during a process in which a decline in performance can be detrimental such as driving a car during rush hour. [2] For example, Kathaus, Washcer, & Getzmann (2018) found that older adults who showed a tendency towards reactive inhibition, determined through electroencephalography measures, showed higher “driving lane variability” and ...