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Sputnik 1 (/ ˈ s p ʌ t n ɪ k, ˈ s p ʊ t n ɪ k /, Russian: Спутник-1, Satellite 1), sometimes referred to as simply Sputnik, was the first artificial Earth satellite.It was launched into an elliptical low Earth orbit by the Soviet Union on 4 October 1957 as part of the Soviet space program.
This timeline of artificial satellites and space probes includes uncrewed spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions.
Explorer 1 was the first of the long-running Explorers program. Four follow-up satellites of the Explorer series were launched by the Juno I launch vehicle in 1958. Of these, Explorer 3 and 4 were successful, while Explorer 2 and 5 failed to reach orbit. The final flight of the Juno I booster, the satellite Beacon-1, also failed. [22]
The mission marked Japan's first successful feat in launching an independent satellite into orbit, making it the fourth nation to do so after the Soviet Union, the United States, and France. [8] Artificial Satellite "Ōsumi", testing model. Exhibit in the National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Japan.
The first orbital flight of an artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, was launched in October 1957, by the Soviet Union.In November, the second orbital flight took place. The Soviet Union launched the first animal to orbit the Earth, a dog, Laika, who died in orbit a few hours after launch.
First intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM); fully operational September 1957 R-7 Semyorka: 1957 October 4 USSR First artificial satellite First man-made signals from orbit: Sputnik 1: 1957 November 3 USSR First mammal (the dog Laika) in orbit around Earth. Sputnik 2: 1958 March 17 USA First solar-powered satellite Vanguard 1: 1959 January ...
The timeline of first Earth observation satellites shows, in chronological order, those successful Earth observation satellites, that is, Earth satellites with a program of Earth science. Sputnik 1, while the first satellite ever launched, did not conduct Earth science.
Ariel 1, the first satellite from a nation besides the United States or the Soviet Union, [10] was launched aboard an American Thor-Delta rocket from Launch Complex 17A at the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station, at 18:00:00 GMT on 26 April 1962. [11] The successful orbit made Ariel 1 the first international satellite. [12]