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The classes of nutrient compounds in supplements include vitamins, minerals, fiber, fatty acids, and amino acids. Dietary supplements can also contain substances that have not been confirmed as being essential to life, and so are not nutrients per se, but are marketed as having a beneficial biological effect, such as plant pigments or polyphenols.
The sources of protein are as follows and differ in protein quality depending on their amino acid profile and digestibility: Whey protein contains high levels of all the essential amino acids and branched-chain amino acids. It also has the highest content of the amino acid cysteine, which aids in the biosynthesis of glutathione.
Protein supplements are extracts or concentrates of high protein foodstuffs, used in bodybuilding and as dietary supplements to fulfill protein intake in a lean and pure source of proteins and amino acids. They have three main variants: concentrate (food is taken and concentrated into a smaller volume with some fat and carb present), isolate ...
The body also converts niacin and the amino acid tryptophan into NAD, says Martens — these are both found in some foods and available as supplements, but may not be as effective.
Amino acids are organic compounds that contain both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. [1] Although over 500 amino acids exist in nature, by far the most important are the 22 α-amino acids incorporated into proteins. [2] Only these 22 appear in the genetic code of life. [3] [4]
The amino acid composition of collagen is atypical for proteins, particularly with respect to its high hydroxyproline content. The most common motifs in collagen's amino acid sequence are glycine - proline -X and glycine-X-hydroxyproline, where X is any amino acid other than glycine, proline or hydroxyproline.