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Ali ar Rida the eighth imam was born. 766: Sayram in Central Asia taken from the Nestorians. Evangelical army of Arab Muslims and recent converts led by Abd al-Aziz. 767: Khariji state set up by Ibn Madrar at Sijilmasa. Ustad Sees revolt in Khurasan. 772: Battle of Janbi in North Africa. Rustamid state set up in Morocco.
Medieval Islamic geography and cartography refer to the study of geography and cartography in the Muslim world during the Islamic Golden Age (variously dated between the 8th century and 16th century). Muslim scholars made advances to the map-making traditions of earlier cultures, [1] explorers and merchants learned in their travels across the ...
By the beginning of the 8th century, conversions became a policy issue for the caliphate. [133] They were favored by religious activists, and many Arabs accepted the equality of Arabs and non-Arabs. [133] However, conversion was associated with economic and political advantages, and Muslim elites were reluctant to see their privileges diluted ...
The spread of Islam spans almost 1,400 years. The early Muslim conquests that occurred following the death of Muhammad in 632 CE led to the creation of the caliphates, expanding over a vast geographical area; conversion to Islam was boosted by Arab Muslim forces expanding over vast territories and building imperial structures over time.
The Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula (Arabic: فَتْحُ الأَنْدَلُس, romanized: fatḥu l-andalus; 711–720s), also known as the Arab conquest of Spain, [1] was the Umayyad conquest of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania in the early 8th century.
The history of Islam is believed by most historians [1] to have originated with Muhammad's mission in Mecca and Medina at the start of the 7th century CE, [2] [3] although Muslims regard this time as a return to the original faith passed down by the Abrahamic prophets, such as Adam, Noah, Abraham, Moses, David, Solomon, and Jesus, with the submission (Islām) to the will of God.
By the 8th century, most of Anglo-Saxon England and the Frankish Empire was de jure Christian. In the 8th century, the Franks became standard-bearers of Roman Catholic Christianity in Western Europe, waging wars on its behalf against Arian Christians, Islamic invaders, and pagan Germanic peoples such as the Saxons and Frisians.
Islamic centuries to corresponding Gregorian years [5] 1st century AH (622 – 719 CE) 2nd century AH (719 – 816) 3rd century AH (816 – 913) 4th century AH (913 – 1009) 5th century AH (1009 – 1106) 6th century AH (1106 – 1203) 7th century AH (1203 – 1299) 8th century AH (1299 – 1397) 9th century AH (1397 – 1495) 10th century AH ...