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Apple section, showing seeds plus papery expression of the ovary, surrounded by tissue formed from ripening of the hypanthium. The part of apples and pears that is consumed is, in fact, the hypanthium. The ovary is the papery core that surrounds the apple seeds. As the hypanthium ripens it forms the edible tissues. [5]
In angiosperms, a hypanthium or floral cup [1] [2] [3] is a structure where basal portions of the calyx, the corolla, and the stamens form a cup-shaped tube. It is sometimes called a floral tube , a term that is also used for corolla tube and calyx tube .
Accessory fruits occur in all three classes of fruit development – simple, aggregate, and multiple. Accessory fruits are frequently designated by the hyphenated term showing both characters. For example, a pineapple is a multiple-accessory fruit, a blackberry is an aggregate-accessory fruit, and an apple is a simple-accessory fruit.
The bases of the sepals, petals, and stamens are fused together to form a characteristic cup-like structure called a hypanthium. They can be arranged in spikes, or heads. Solitary flowers are rare. Rosaceae have a variety of color petals, but blue is almost completely absent. [12]
Cosmic Crisp is an American apple with the variety designation WA 38. [1] Breeding began in 1997 at the Washington State University (WSU) Tree Fruit Research and Extension Center in Wenatchee, Washington, and was initially overseen by Bruce Barritt.
The carnivorous plant Nepenthes deaniana has pitcher elements that are obconic in shape to capture insects. [2] The hypanthium of the western USA plant Heuchera rubescens has one subspecies with an obconic structure, while several other subspecies have alternative hypantium geometries, so that the obconic characteristic is a subspecies determinant and diagnostic. [3]
The accessory tissue is interpreted by some specialists as an extension of the receptacle and is then referred to as "fruit cortex", [3] and by others as a fused hypanthium (floral cup). [3] It is the most edible part of this fruit. [citation needed] The carpels of a pome are fused within the "core". [4]
Other parts of the flower often contribute to forming the fruit. For example, in the apple, the hypanthium forms the edible flesh, surrounding the ovaries which form the tough cases around the seeds. [69] Apomixis, setting seed without fertilization, is found naturally in about 2.2% of angiosperm genera. [70]