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The first proper text in Kurmanji is a Christian missionary prayer in the Armenian script from the first half of the 14th century. [17] A growing interest in the use of Kurmanji in literature began from the 14th century on when Kurdistan had relative political stability and economic prosperity.
'Southern Kurdish' is a linguistic term for a group of related dialects in Western Iran. Speakers are not familiar with the term and do not refer to the language as such. They generally identify the kind of Kurdish they speak as a local dialect (the Kurdish of a given village), or as a regional variety such as "Garūsi".
The main varieties of Kurdish are Kurmanji, Sorani, and Southern Kurdish (Xwarîn). The majority of the Kurds speak Kurmanji, [15] and most Kurdish texts are written in Kurmanji and Sorani. Kurmanji is written in the Hawar alphabet, a derivation of the Latin script, and Sorani is written in the Sorani alphabet, a derivation of the Arabic script.
A 2005 study genetically examined three different groups of Zaza (n= 27) and Kurmanji speakers in Turkey and Kurmanji speakers in Georgia. In the study, mtDNA HV1 sequences, eleven Y chromosome bi-allelic markers and 9 Y-STR loci were analyzed to investigate lineage relationship among these Iranian-speaking groups.
Northern group (the Kurmanji dialect group) Central group (part of the Sorani dialect group) Southern group (part of the Xwarin dialect group) including Laki; The Zaza and Gorani are ethnic Kurds, [55] but the Zaza–Gorani languages are not classified as Kurdish. [56]
Zaza (endonym: Zazakî, Dimlî, Dimilkî, Kirmanckî or Kirdkî) [4] [5] is a Northwestern Iranian language spoken primarily in eastern Turkey by the Zazas, who are commonly considered as Kurds, and in many cases identify as such.
Kurd Mountain is known locally as Çiyayê Kurmênc meaning “Mountain of the Kurmanj” after the name of the spoken dialect in the region called Kurmanji, which is one of the Kurdish language dialects. [1] map of the Ottoman Vilayet of Aleppo showing Kurd Dagh under name of كرد طاغى, Kurd Dağ.
Grammar of the Kurmanji or Kurdish language (in English and Kurdish). Luzac & Company. Soane, E. B. (1918), Notes on the tribes of Southern Kurdistan, Government Press, pp. 1– 39; Soane, E. B. (1921), "A Short Anthology of Guran Poetry", The Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press: 57– 81